GIZZEROSINE INDUCED PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN BROILER CHICKS

M. Tisljar,
Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
Z. Grabarevic,
Department of General Pathology and Pathological Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
B. Artukovic,
Department of General Pathology and Pathological Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
...

Attachment gizz.pdf (406 k)

KAMPHUES, J. (1998): Specific features of feeding animals in organic agriculture.

Summary

Dtsch.tier�rztl.Wschr.(1998) 105, 307-312

Food produced in ecological agriculture becomes popular more and more. In the interest of consumers (to protect against deception) and of producers (to contrast with conventionally produced food) it is necessary to define the conditions and circumstances when products can be declared as ecological. Up to now there are definitions of housing and feeding animals in organic agriculture only are set up by private organisations and associations, but in the future we will have a direction of the European community (Nr. 2092/91 EWG), extended by directives and restrictions focussed on animal husbandry and feeding. Aim of this contribution is to give information on special restrictions on feeds and feeding of food producing animals in organic agriculture (preconditions in the case that labelling as "ecologically produced" is intended). Conventionally produced feedstuffs are restricted, common complete diets and some special feed additives (for example growth promoters) are not allowed. Feeding according to species specific requirements (herbivorous animals) as well as according to age and development (for example minimum duration of suckling periods) is intended. On the other hand there is a conscious renunciation of maximizing animals' performance (and plant yields). Consequences, risks and conflicts of different aims in feeding in accordance with ideas of organic agriculture are discussed. Various efforts at sustainability of conventional agriculture are influenced markedly by ideas and concepts established in organic agriculture primarily.

J.Kamphues (1996): Principles and procedure of testing by products in the case of intended utilization as feedstuffs

Proc. Workshop "Unkonventionelle Futtermittel" 10.-11.4.1996
Braunschweig, Sonderheft Landbauforschung 169,138-150

Summary
All efforts at utilization of new products as feedstuffs in animal nutrition have to include with priority the aspects of protection humans' and animals' health (based on legislation concerning feeds and animals' welfare).
In the first step there is need for research on the quantity of a potential by product as well as its local and time related distribution (local concentration and continuous production: increasing the chance for utilization). Then it is neccesary to characterize the by product, its chemical composition, hygienic state, load by contaminants, inavoidable conditioning and conservation. After that the by product has to be proofed in feeding experiments (palatability , digestibility, compatibility). In food producing animals potential effects on the food quality have to be assumed, too. These effects are depending mostly on the ratio of the unconventional ingredient (and its chemical composition) in the diet, therefore dosis: effect trials are recommended. Before the unconventional by product is used in the field the total financial input for using the by products as feedstuffs has to be estimated (including the input for conditioning, conservation, technical equipment on the farms etc.) in comparison to conventional feeding methods.

At the end potential effects on the image of food have to be ruled out because the "social acceptance" becomes more and more an essential parameter in all efforts at utilization of by products in animal nutrition. Under local conditions these efforts are caused primarily by increasing costs of disposal and/or social injunctions concerning the reduction of offals' mass in general, but in developing countries the use of unconventional products as feedstuffs can enlarge the basis for food producing animals without aggravation the competition of humans and animals for organic substances containing energy and nutrients.