Keith Hammond Animal Genetic Resources, Animal Production and Health Division, FAO, Rome, Italy Demand for the diverse range of livestock products will increase rapidly during the early twenty-first century, primarily in the large developing-world sector. Whilst much twentieth century activity disregarded most of the world's animal genetic resources, the use and the development of a broad spectrum of locally adapted breeds, in association with the intensification of animal agriculture in most available production environments, is required to meet these twenty-first century demands of a much larger and more affluent human population. The essential features are proposed for a strategy for country use in realizing sustainable livestock development for those many locally adapted animal genetic resources still being used by the farmers of the developing world's major lower-input production environments.