Click on a headline below to view the desired abstract. The print version    opens all abstracts at once. Amounts of whey and their use in Germany Liquid whey in pig feeding Investigations on composition of whey products as well as on effects of sulfate concentrations in milk replacers on faeces composition in calves       J. Kamphues, Monika Stolte und P. Rust Institut für Tierernährung, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover Abstract Dried whey products are main ingredients for the production of milk replacers. In previous investigations it was found that individual batches of whey products resulted in diarrhea in calves due to their high sulfate content. This investigation was focussed on the nutrient-, mineral- and sulfate content in whey products and the effects of increasing sulfate concentrations in milk replacers on faeces composition in calves. Therefore field samples of whey products and 33 samples of milk replacers were analysed (especially on the sulfate content, gravimetric estimation), and feeding experiments with 17 calves were performed. Besides a high variation in the nutrient content the sulfate concentration of whey products varied between 0.3 and 43 g per kg dry matter (in milk replacers: 2.2-12 g SO4/ kg dm). Higher sulfate concentrations in the liquid milk replacer diet resulted in markedly reduced dry matter content in calves` faeces, presumably due to the osmotic effects of sulfate. The results of the analyses of whey products and the high sulfate contents of individual samples indicate the necessity to test whey products before they are used as ingredients for milk replacers to avoid diarrhea in calves caused by a higher sulfate intake.   Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerung Bei der Untersuchung von insgesamt 29 Proben diverser Molkenprodukte wurden neben einer bemerkenswerten Variation im Rohnährstoffgehalt erhebliche Unterschiede im Sulfatgehalt ermittelt (0,3 - 43 g SO4/ kg Trockensubstanz; in 8 von 29 Proben: SO4-Gehalt über 12 g/kg TS), in Milchaustauschern für Kälber war die SO4-Konzentration allgemein deutlich niedriger (Werte zwischen 2,2 und 12 g SO4/ kg Trockensubstanz). Mit steigendem Sulfatgehalt in der Milchaustauschertränke (geprüft: 0,25 - 2,3 g SO4/l Tränke) ging der TS-Gehalt im Kot junger Kälber deutlich zurück, bei über 1 g SO4/l Tränke reagierten die meisten Kälber schon mit ausgeprägtem Durchfall (bei normalem Appetit, ohne weitere Anzeichen einer Gesundheitsstörung). Herstellern von Milchaustauschern ist zu empfehlen, vor Einsatz von Molkeprodukten genauere Erhebungen zur Technologie der Molkegewinnung vorzunehmen bzw. die Rohwaren auch auf den Sulfat-Gehalt untersuchen zu lassen, um nicht ungewollt und unbewusst eine Komponente mit laxierender Wirkung in Milchaustauscher einzumischen. Food refusals - nutrient content and andisired substances Controlling risks management when processing organic secondary waste products from the food industries: a modern recycling plant as an example Utilization of garbage in pig fattening On particle size of diets for pigs based on by-products/refusals from food production Feeding value of crambe by-products Fermented rye bran - an interesting ingredient and an example for an significant technology Unconventional/unusual feedstuffs in animal nutrition - a variety by means of examples Controlling associations for by-products - systematic improvement of marketing - Investigations on the use of liquid conserved sugar beets in cattle Expandat� of dried beet pulp for cattle feeding Conceptions of quality assurance for by-products of sugar beet processing Importance of the technology on utilization and quality of molasses Use of by-products in liquid pig feeding